Historical Context and Colonial Legacy

Nigeria, like many African countries, inherited a challenging colonial legacy. The British colonial administration left behind tons of “debris” that the country is still trying to clean up. One of such debris were borders that lumped together diverse ethnic groups with little regard for historical or cultural coherence. Nigeria had four regions under the British rule, but is now a 36-state country.

• Under the Gowon military regime, 1967 to 1976, Nigeria became a 12-state country to replace the regional system.
• Then it became 19 states under the Murtala Mohammed’s short regime (1976).
• And 21 in 1987 (Babangida’s regime). Additional 9 states were added in 1991, making it a 30-state country.
• Six (6) more states were created on October 1st, 1996, during the Abacha rule.

This border-lumping has led to persistent ethnic tensions, most notably between the North and South, as well as the ongoing conflict with Boko Haram in the Northeast. While Nigeria has been independent for decades, these divisions continue to hamper national unity, making it difficult to build a cohesive national identity or pursue development with a unified purpose.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Nigeria must invest in nation-building initiatives that promote unity in diversity. Ethnic inclusivity and reconciliation programs should be prioritized to reduce tensions and foster national solidarity. Additionally, a focus on grassroots peace-building efforts in conflict zones, particularly in the North, will help stabilize the region and allow for more concentrated development efforts.

Governance and Leadership

Nigeria’s governance has been marred by decades of military rule, corruption, and mismanagement. Although the country returned to democratic rule in 1999, corruption remains endemic, with government officials often more concerned with personal enrichment than public service. Mismanagement of resources and a lack of continuity in government policies have resulted in inefficiency and underdevelopment. Furthermore, the absence of strong servant-style leadership and visionary policies has led to the failure of numerous initiatives aimed at improving Nigeria, particularly in relation to infrastructure, health, and education.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Stronger political institutions and reforms aimed at increasing accountability and transparency are essential. Establishing independent anti-corruption bodies that are free from political influence will help reduce graft. Additionally, fostering a culture of servant leadership and governance, where officials prioritize national progress over personal gain, will lead to more consistent and long-term development policies.

Economic Resources and Industrial Base

Nigeria is blessed with vast natural resources, particularly oil, which accounts for about 90% of its export revenue. However, the country has struggled with the “resource curse,” where dependence on oil revenues has stifled diversification. Economic volatility, driven by fluctuating oil prices, has left Nigeria vulnerable to external shocks, and the manufacturing and agricultural sectors have been largely neglected. Furthermore, mismanagement of oil revenues and a lack of infrastructure have kept much of the population in poverty, despite the country’s wealth.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Economic diversification should be a top priority. The government must encourage the development of industries such as agriculture, technology, and manufacturing to reduce reliance on oil. Investment in renewable energy sources, given Nigeria’s potential for solar and wind power, could also contribute to sustainable development. Additionally, more equitable distribution of oil revenues, ensuring that regions most affected by oil extraction benefit from infrastructure and social development projects, will help mitigate the negative impacts of the resource curse.

Education and Human Capital

Nigeria’s public education system is in a state of crisis, with low literacy rates, overcrowded classrooms, and insufficient funding. Education is the key to developing human capital, and Nigeria’s inability to provide quality public education to a significant portion of its population has stunted growth. Without a well-educated workforce, it is difficult for the country to move toward industrialization or technological innovation. The “brain drain” phenomenon, where educated Nigerians leave the country for better opportunities abroad, further compounds the problem.

The private education system has undoubtedly and significantly thrived. However, the average Nigerian cannot afford to send their children to these private institutions.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Significant investment in public education is needed. The government must prioritize building schools, training teachers, and providing adequate funding for public educational programs, especially in rural areas where literacy rates are lowest. A focus on vocational training and technology-based education can help equip young Nigerians with skills relevant to the modern economy.

Global Influence and Trade Relations

Nigeria’s global standing has been weakened by inconsistent foreign policy, political instability, and economic mismanagement. While it is the largest economy in Africa, Nigeria has not maximized its potential in international trade or diplomacy. Furthermore, the country’s reliance on oil has made it vulnerable to international market fluctuations, and trade imbalances have hurt the local economy.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Nigeria should work on improving its global influence by forming stronger regional and international trade agreements. Diversifying its exports beyond oil will make the country less susceptible to market volatility. Additionally, Nigeria should actively participate in African and global diplomacy, positioning itself as a leader in conflict resolution, environmental sustainability, and economic growth within the continent. I believe that this is already being done. But, whether Nigeria is respected in these spaces is a different matter that needs to be seen.

Cultural and Social Factors

Nigeria’s complex social structure, with over 250 ethnic groups, has been both a source of richness and division. Social inequalities and religious divides have exacerbated tensions, with significant disparities in wealth and opportunities between regions. The dominance of certain ethnic groups in political and economic spheres has led to resentment and conflicts, while issues such as gender inequality and youth unemployment continue to plague society.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

National policies that promote social cohesion and equity should be implemented. Programs focused on reducing regional disparities in wealth, healthcare, and education can help bridge the gaps between Nigeria’s different regions. Promoting gender equality and empowering women, especially in rural areas, is critical for improving societal outcomes and economic development. Youth empowerment programs, focused on entrepreneurship and skills development, will also help address the unemployment crisis.

Infrastructure Development

Nigeria’s infrastructure is woefully inadequate, with frequent power outages, poor road networks, and insufficient public transportation systems. Despite its oil wealth, Nigeria has not made significant strides in building the necessary infrastructure to support a growing economy. The power sector, in particular, has been a major bottleneck, limiting industrial and technological progress.

Think-Talk’s Humble Recommendation

Massive investments in infrastructure are essential to Nigeria’s future. The government must prioritize energy reform to ensure consistent power supply, which will unlock the potential of its industrial and technological sectors. Public-private partnerships can be used to fund major infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and railways. Modernizing Nigeria’s telecommunications and internet infrastructure will also facilitate technological innovation and digital entrepreneurship.

Conclusion

At 64, Nigeria stands at a crossroads. While the country has faced significant challenges, its vast resources, young population, and strategic location give it immense potential. However, unless the underlying issues of governance, corruption, social inequality, and infrastructure development are addressed, Nigeria will continue to struggle to reach its full potential. The path forward requires bold, transformative leadership, strategic investment in public education and infrastructure, and a commitment to fostering national unity. With the right reforms, Nigeria can unlock its potential and become a true leader, not just in Africa but on the global stage. May the sleeping giant wake up from its slumber.

To the success of Nigeria while praying for divine turnaround for the country to be ushered into global prosperity and prominence.